Tissue Engineering Small Intestinal Tubes Using Simulated Microgravity

 
      Small bowel transplants are largely unsuccessful due to high incidence of rejection, graft v. host disease, and infection.  Transplantation can often be avoided by administering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy.  While this therapy is a life saving practice for some patients with intestinal failure, for others, TPN related complications arise after extended use of the therapy.  For those patients with permanent intestinal failure that can no longer be treated with TPN therapy, no alternatives to transplant exist.
      A major problem associated with small intestinal transplants is the lack of donor tissue.  Therefore, it is essential that a technique be developed that allows for a minimal number of autologous or donor cells to be grown into small intestinal tissue, which mimics the functions of native tissue.  The development of a method for culturing these cells in a simulated microgravity environment has the potential to produce these tissues.
     The simulated microgravity cell culture system was developed at the Johnson Space Center.  This technology allows for in vitro culture in a low shear, low turbulence microgravity environment which promotes 3-dimensional growth.  It has been shown to alter cellular kinetics, thereby increasing overall cell size.  Therefore, a minimal amount of cells may be enlarged and engineered into small intestinal tissue.  This will be attempted by designing and culturing cells within a tubular construct that will be incorporated into the microgravity culture chamber.
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